Proto-clusters are primordial structures in the early universe that act as the precursors to the massive galaxy clusters we observe today. These regions are characterized by galaxies starting to coalesce under the influence of gravity, forming dense areas where the first stages of galaxy clustering occur. Often regarded as the foundational “seeds” of future galaxy clusters, proto-clusters provide valuable insights into the early stages of cosmic evolution and the processes that drive galaxy formation and growth over billions of years.
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